Final answer:
Symbolic Interactionism, notably through Differential Association and Labeling Theory, explains that deviant and criminal behavior is learned through social interactions and the labels society assigns to certain behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Interactionists primarily utilize Symbolic Interactionism to explain how individuals learn deviance and criminal behavior. This theoretical approach, particularly through Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory, posits that deviant behavior is learned through the social environment and interactions with others. People absorb definitions of appropriate and inappropriate conduct, mainly from intimate groups like friends and family. This process includes assessing whether behaviors are regarded as "favorable" or not, and the frequency and intensity of these definitions can affect whether the individual will engage in deviant or criminal acts.
Additionally, Labeling Theory, another concept from symbolic interactionism, suggests that deviance is not inherent in any act; rather, it's a label assigned by society. Thus, when individuals are labeled as "deviant," they may internalize this label, which can lead to further deviant behavior. Therefore, according to interactionists, learning deviance is a social process involving both how individuals interact with others and how they are perceived by society.