Final answer:
In the downward phase of a tricep extension, the elbow joint extends due to the eccentric contraction of the triceps brachii, which lengthens to control the forearm movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the downward phase of a tricep extension, the joint action at the elbow is extension. The triceps brachii muscle is active during this phase. The muscle action of the active triceps brachii is eccentric contraction, as the muscle lengthens while controlling the movement of the forearm, moving it downwards and increasing the angle of the elbow joint.
In the downward phase of a tricep extension, the joint action at the elbow is extension. The triceps muscle is the primary muscle that is active during this phase. The muscle action of the triceps muscle is to contract, causing the extension of the forearm at the elbow joint.