Final answer:
Augustine recognizes facts learned with his mind through inner reflection revealing the divine light, and the process of teaching stimulates this inner examination towards divine understanding. Teaching aids in the spiritual journey toward God, aligning with his view that earthly matters are secondary to spiritual objectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Book 10, chapters 10-11, Augustine recognizes the facts that he learns with his mind through the process of inner reflection or meditation, which he sees as revealing the unchangeable divine light. He posits that the process of teaching helps to stimulate this reflection, leading towards a higher understanding illuminated by God's presence. For Augustine, all acquired knowledge leads from the observed world to understanding its divine cause.
With respect to the process of teaching, according to Augustine, it serves to guide the learner's mind towards these truths, fostering inner examination and enlightenment. Teaching is not just the transference of information but rather an aid in the spiritual and intellectual journey towards divine understanding, aligning with Augustine's broader theme that earthly life and learning are subsidiary to the spiritual journey toward God.