Final answer:
The Gospel of Mark is likely the one written in Rome during the period of Christian persecution, reflecting the suffering and challenges faced by the early Christian community.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Gospel that was probably written in Rome during a time when Christians experienced various kinds of persecution and affliction is the Gospel of Mark. According to Church tradition and historical evidence, Christians were persecuted in Rome notably under Emperor Nero's rule in AD 64, where he blamed them for the Great Fire of Rome. This was a period of intense suffering for Christians, during which it is traditionally believed that Peter and Paul were martyred. Mark's Gospel is often considered to be the one written during or shortly after this period of turmoil, making it a product of a community experiencing persecution.
The environment of hostility in which Christians lived under Roman rule provides context to the narrative of Mark, emphasizing themes such as enduring suffering and the promise of salvation. The Roman authorities' suspicion of Christians stemmed from their refusal to participate in the Roman imperial cult and insistence on monotheism, which undermined the authority of the emperor and the established social hierarchy. The persecution of Christians became a defining aspect of their identity and is reflected in the narrative of the Gospel of Mark.