Final answer:
Milo's secure attachment at age 1 suggests the possibility of a continued secure attachment at age 21, provided his caregiving and life circumstances remain stable and supportive. However, experiencing trauma or a significant change in caregiving responsiveness could lead to a shift towards an insecure attachment style.
Step-by-step explanation:
If Milo has a secure attachment at age 1, we can predict that at age 21, his attachment style may shift to insecure if he is subjected to traumas during childhood. The original studies by Ainsworth identified that a secure attachment is often characterized by toddlers preferring their parent over a stranger and using the parent as a secure base from which to explore the world. This attachment is facilitated by caregivers who are sensitive and responsive to their child's needs. However, life experiences, including traumatic events or changes in caregivers' responsiveness, can alter this attachment security. While Bowlby emphasized the longevity of the attachment, suggesting the bond formed in infancy continues through life, both Ainsworth's and subsequent research acknowledge that changes in life circumstances and relationships can impact an individual's attachment style.
It's important to note that secure attachment in infancy does not guarantee secure attachment in adulthood; attachment security is dynamic and can be influenced by later life events. In situations where the caregiver and life conditions remain supportive and stable, it is possible that Milo will maintain his secure attachment style into adulthood. Conversely, should Milo experience significant negative changes in his relationships or environment, such as trauma or sustained periods of unresponsive caregiving, his attachment security may be compromised, leading to possible shifts towards insecure attachment styles.