Final answer:
The initial, primary cause of lack of government capacity in postcolonial countries is rooted in the legacies of colonialism, which include imposed national boundaries disregarding ethnic territories, the thwarting of a local capitalist class, and the establishment of economies dependent on a few commodities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The initial, primary cause of lack of government capacity in postcolonial countries can be largely attributed to the legacies of colonialism. These legacies introduced structural weaknesses by disturbing pre-existing social, economic, and political systems. For instance, due to decisions from the Berlin Conference, artificial national boundaries were established without considering ethnic and cultural territories, leading to internal conflicts. Moreover, the prevention of developing a wealthy capitalist class and imposing a two-tiered governance system maintained control but stifled local initiative and leadership. The challenges were further compounded by an economic system heavily reliant on a few commodities, without the necessary diversification for sustainable growth.
As an immediate consequence of colonial rule, political institutions in newly independent states were often weak, and with the global economy in disarray during the mid-20th century, these countries faced economic hardships. Colonial powers restricted industrial development to protect their industries, which left postcolonial states with underdeveloped economies. Coupled with fluctuating raw material prices and lingering economic dependency, this hampered the ability of postcolonial governments to plan and budget effectively.
Ultimately, the efforts to 'build' nations from the swathes of different ethnic groups and underdeveloped political and economic structures were met with severe difficulties. Colonialism prevented the rise of a capitalist class and inhibited a more organic evolution of nation-states, mirroring the experience of European countries. The introduction of modern state structures without the cultural and historical foundations necessary for stability led to fragile postcolonial states grappling with ongoing political and economic turmoil.