Final answer:
The beginning of the 20th century saw the rise of Modernism, a movement rooted in the belief in societal progress and influenced by utopian socialism. It affected numerous sectors, including art and social organization, despite the failures of practical implementations like Marxist Communism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The beginning of the 20th century saw the rise of Modernism. This philosophical movement was predicated on the belief in the progress of society. Modernism was deeply influenced by the rapid development of industrial societies, urban growth, and the subsequent trauma of World War I.
Modernism's roots can be traced back to the early 19th century when utopian socialism began to emerge, characterized by thinkers like Henri de Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier, who envisioned ideal societies based on sharing and cooperation. Well-known utopians such as Robert Owen attempted to actualize these ideas with the establishment of communities such as New Lanark and New Harmony.
The belief in a utopian vision of human life, as part of the underlying principles of Modernism, also influenced various domains, including art, architecture, literature, and social organization. Despite the utopian roots, the real implementation of these ideas, particularly in the form of Marxist Communism, failed to manifest the envisioned ideal societies devoid of exploitation, conflict, and social inequality.