Final answer:
Latitude refers to how far a location is from the equator and it dictates the amount of solar energy received, affecting temperature and biome type. Wind systems are responsible for distributing heat and moisture, impacting various regional climates. Elevation affects climate by causing temperatures to decrease as altitude increases, which also changes local biome types.
Step-by-step explanation:
Latitude, wind, and elevation are key factors that affect climate, influencing temperature, precipitation, and the distribution of climate regions.
Latitude
Latitude determines how much solar energy a location receives. Regions near the equator experience tropical climates with high temperatures year-round, while polar regions receive less sunlight and have colder climates. As you move from the poles toward the equator, the types of biomes change in the following order: Arctic, boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical.
Wind
Wind systems distribute heat and moisture around the planet. They are influenced by the rotation of the Earth and the distribution of land and sea, which can lead to variations in climate across different regions.
Elevation
The higher the elevation, the colder the climate generally becomes due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure and temperature. This can significantly alter the climate of a region, leading to different types of biomes, such as alpine in high mountain areas.