Final answer:
While it is generally true that lower-level needs must be met before higher-level needs in Maslow's Hierarchy, there are exceptions where individuals may prioritize higher needs such as self-transcendence or political causes over basic physiological needs.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the notion that one must satisfy lower-level needs before addressing those needs higher in the pyramid is generally true. However, there are exceptions to this rule as highlighted in Maslow's theory and subsequent research. Notably, there are instances in the real world where individuals may pursue higher-level needs despite not having fully satisfied all of their lower-level needs. The classic example is of individuals like Mohandas K. Gandhi, who may sacrifice their physiological needs for higher purposes such as political statements or improving the conditions of others. This reflects the concept of self-transcendence, a level that Maslow later proposed above self-actualization.
While Maslow's theory has been influential, it is also worth noting that it has faced criticism for its subjective nature and the fact that it does not always account for all observable behaviors. The hierarchy starts with basic physiological needs, followed by safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and culminates with self-actualization.
It's crucial to understand the fluidity with which these needs can be pursued and that the strict hierarchical progression is not always reflective of real-world human motivation and behavior.