Final answer:
The Great Famine of 1315–1317 in western Europe led to increased reliance on the church, one-tenth of the population dying in many towns, and encouraged migration to rural areas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Great Famine of 1315–1317 had a significant impact on western Europe. One of the effects was increased reliance on the church. As people faced food shortages and devastating loss of lives, they turned to the church for support and guidance. The church played a crucial role in providing relief and assistance during this difficult time.
Another effect of the famine was one-tenth of the population died in many towns. The widespread food shortage resulted in a massive population collapse, and it is estimated that up to 10 percent of northern Europe's population perished.
The famine also led to encouraged migration to rural areas. As people faced starvation and economic instability, many chose to leave the feudal estates and countryside in search of better opportunities and resources elsewhere.