Final answer:
The diverse socio-cultural fabric of India influenced the drafting of the Constitution by leading to a federal structure that accommodates cultural diversity. Debates during the drafting focused on the rule of law and India's unique political culture, balancing individual rights and federalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diverse socio-cultural fabric of India played a significant role in the drafting of the Indian Constitution. Considering the vast array of cultures, languages, religions, and ethnic groups within the country, the Constitution's framers opted for a system that could accommodate such diversity. Therefore, the correct answer to how the socio-cultural diversity of India influenced the drafting of the Indian Constitution is that it resulted in a federal structure to accommodate cultural diversity (Option 2).
The debates during the formation of the Constitution were marked by concerns for maintaining the rule of law and India's unique political culture. The Indian Constitution references freedoms from caste-based discrimination and the freedom to preserve and speak various languages, which are specific rights reflecting India's diversity. Additionally, it addresses both individual rights and provisions for federalism, where powers are divided between the central government and various states, mirroring the diverse needs and interests of its many constituent cultural groups.
The federal structure also has historical precedents, as seen during the British period with the Government of India Act of 1935, which established regional legislatures and the concept of voting arranged by religious and social categories. Post-independence, the Constitution was designed to unify the nation while still respecting the complex tapestry that makes India unique. Balancing between the rights of states and the central authority, much like the United States' approach to federalism, helped to craft a constitution that could govern such a pluralistic society effectively.