Final answer:
Factory buildings in Northern England and Lowell, Massachusetts have different visual and spatial characteristics, but are both influenced by the production process of textile manufacturing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main visual and spatial characteristics of factory buildings in Northern England and Lowell, Massachusetts are influenced by the production process they housed. In Northern England, the industrial architecture was austere, with steel mills filling the sky with smoke and coal dust. This transformed the landscape and led to the description of the mills as "Dark satanic mills." In Lowell, Massachusetts, the mill buildings were constructed of red brick with large windows to let in light. Company-owned boarding houses were also built near the mills.
The form of these buildings is related to the production process they housed. In both Northern England and Lowell, textile manufacturing was a major industry. The buildings were designed to accommodate the machinery and processes involved in textile production, such as weaving and spinning. The large windows in the mills of Lowell were designed to provide natural light for the detailed work of textile manufacturing.