Final answer:
The APhA code of ethics in the 1940s-1960s aimed to establish professional guidelines for pharmacists, much like the ethical frameworks of the American Sociological Association and the American Medical Association standardized ethical conduct in their respective fields to prevent harm and encourage professional integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The APhA code of ethics during the 1940s-1960s is not specifically documented in your provided references. However, professional organizations, including those related to health and medicine, often establish ethical guidelines to ensure the accountability and professional conduct of their members. For instance, the American Sociological Association (ASA) developed a code of ethics to foster ethical research in sociology, ensuring that sociologists conduct their research responsibly, without harming participants. Similarly, the American Medical Association (AMA) was formed in 1847 and worked toward improving medical standards. During the mid-20th century, several professional and medical organizations, like the National Medical Association (NMA), strived for professionalization, set standards, and worked to increase healthcare quality. As ethics in medical and sociological practices evolved, researchers recognized the need for structured ethical guidelines to avoid the mistreatment of individuals, such as the unethical practices that harmed Henrietta Lacks. Ethical guidelines aim to prevent harm whether physical or psychological, promote health, and maintain patient confidentiality and rights.