Final answer:
The Parthenon was built in honor of the goddess Athena, who was the patron of Athens. It was constructed during the peak of the Athenian Empire's power starting in 447 BCE, and it featured a colossal statue of Athena within.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Greeks designed and built the Parthenon in honor of the goddess Athena. She was the patron goddess of Athens and was revered as the goddess of wisdom and war. The construction of the Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis began in 447 BCE, led by the architects Iktinos and Kallikrates and overseen by the Athenian statesman Pericles. The Parthenon is a masterpiece of classical Greek architecture and housed the colossal cult statue of Athena, crafted by the renowned sculptor Phidias. This magnificent structure was part of a grand building program that marked the height of the Athenian Empire's power and showcased its devotion to Athena.