Final answer:
The farming techniques changed with the Bantu migration primarily through the introduction of advanced iron tools and the cultivation of new crops like cereal grains, enabling more effective land cultivation and the rise of settled farming communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Changes in Farming Techniques with the Bantu Migration
The Bantu migrations significantly transformed farming techniques across sub-Saharan Africa. The most accurate description of how these techniques changed would be Option 4: The Bantu brought advanced iron tools and new crops such as cereal grains to the new regions they settled. The Bantu transition from stone to iron tools allowed for more effective clearing of land, leading to increased agricultural productivity and enabling them to establish permanent farming settlements. These techniques helped disseminate a bundle of cultural and economic practices, bolstering the emergence of complex societies and powerful kingdoms .Further, the Bantu migration led to the spread of agriculture into regions previously dominated by hunter-gatherers, establishing a foundation for stable communities and subsequent cultural development. This growth was enabled by the adoption of new agricultural methods suitable for different environments encountered during their expansion, especially as they moved into and through the diverse ecosystem of the tropical rainforest. The importance of improved farming techniques and tools cannot be overstated, as it played a critical role in the success and settlement patterns of the Bantu people, fostering the rise of new societal structures and ensuring survival and prosperity in various African landscapes. This represented a shift from stateless societies to more centralized kingdoms with established hierarchies that governed the expanded Bantu communities.