Final answer:
The cognitive learning theory has been criticized for focusing too much on external stimuli and not enough on internal cognitive processes. Pioneers like Edward C. Tolman and Albert Bandura expanded the theory to include such aspects as mental states, observational learning, and self-efficacy. This led to the cognitive revolution which emphasized the importance of the mind in psychology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cognitive Learning Theory Criticisms
The cognitive learning theory is a comprehensive approach to understanding how people learn and process information. However, this theory has faced criticism for presenting a mechanistic view of consumers, suggesting they respond to external stimuli without considering their cognitive processes, internal motivations, or emotions. It assumes that observable behavior is the primary result of learning, neglecting the role of the mind.
Unlike behaviorists, who focused solely on external behaviors, cognitive psychologists like Edward C. Tolman and Albert Bandura acknowledged the importance of internal mental states. Tolman suggested that reinforcement does not always have to be immediate for learning to occur, indicating a cognitive aspect to learning. Bandura's social learning theory emphasized that learning could occur in the absence of external reinforcement and highlighted the importance of observational learning and self-efficacy.
Behaviorism's narrow focus on external stimuli led to the cognitive revolution, which sought to bring attention back to the mind and cognitive processes. The development of cognitive psychology as a science helped to address criticisms of earlier learning theories by providing a more holistic view that includes thoughts, feelings, and personal experiences as essential components of the learning process.