Final answer:
Aspirational reference groups are the social groups individuals wish to join, and they serve as benchmarks for behavior and social norms. These groups influence individuals significantly, particularly in settings like college where various social circles coalesce. Recognizing these groups is key to understanding how societal expectations shape behavior and identity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aspirational reference groups reflect the groups or social categories that individuals wish to be associated with, such as the inspirational figures showcased in United States Army advertisements. These reference groups provide a standard of measurement for individuals to compare their behavior and aspirations. They help in shaping individuals' perceptions of social norms, guide behavior, and forge identities. For example, a college student may align with fraternities, sororities, or sports teams as their reference groups that resonate with their aspirations. These groups greatly influence our actions even without our explicit recognition.
Everyday life is replete with varying reference groups which can have competing messages, like cultural, professional, and media-influenced groups which frame our expectations of lifestyle, career, and social status. Becoming aware of these groups helps in identifying the influences on the social identities people aspire to. In a college environment, reference groups become particularly salient as students navigate various social circles and find where they fit into or stand out.
Leaders are often depicted as part of strong reference groups embodying qualities such as strength, wisdom, and strategic prowess, which serve as influential benchmarks for members of society. The historical context of leaders as warriors or protectors and their portrayal in media and education continually reinforce these norms. Therefore, understanding one's reference groups is essential in discerning the social expectations and forces that shape individual behavior and identity formation.