Final answer:
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits problem-solving by preventing individuals from seeing objects being used outside their traditional function. It can be overcome by changing perceptions and promoting innovative thinking, as exemplified by NASA engineers during the Apollo 13 mission. Addressing functional fixedness can aid in tackling broader societal challenges by enhancing collective action and systemic change.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept being referred to is functional fixedness, which creates a self-imposed organizational limitation impacting our ability to innovate or solve problems outside of conventional norms. Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that hinders individuals from seeing the potential uses of an object beyond its traditional function or purpose. This mindset discourages new ideas and promotes little flexibility on a day-to-day basis within organizations, often manifesting through large bureaucracies and a lack of incentive to work hard or think creatively.
Overcoming functional fixedness requires a shifting of perception and the adoption of improved self-regulation. One notable example was during the Apollo 13 mission when NASA engineers overcame functional fixedness to improvise a lifesaving air filter from available materials aboard the spacecraft. This demonstrates that while functional fixedness is a barrier to innovation and problem solving, it is not insurmountable.
In the broader context of societal challenges, such as transitioning to non-fossil energy infrastructure, the limitations imposed by functional fixedness and similar cognitive biases can hinder collective progress. The barriers are not solely due to physical constraints; rather, they also include human nature, how people work collectively, and entrenched systemic issues. Proposals for change often involve enhanced self-regulation and a change in how oppressive systems are perceived, which is reflected in the goals set by individuals and organizations.