Final answer:
The action of forces results in a change in an object's momentum, which can influence both its external motion and its internal structure, with particle physics delving into the fundamental interactions that conserve energy and charge.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves the concept of action as it pertains to forces and their effects on particles. In physics, a force acting on an object, whether the object is a macroscopic entity like a football or a microscopic one like an atom, results in a change in momentum, which is the essence of Newton's second law. This action leads to acceleration, and in cases involving composite objects, internal forces must be considered as these parts exert forces upon each other, altering the overall behavior of the object.
Particle physics takes these concepts to the fundamental level, dealing with particles that may interact in ways that conserve energy and electric charge. The behavior of particles on a microscopic scale can be strikingly different from classical, macroscopic objects, with the former often modeled as one-dimensional vibrating strings that are subject to the peculiar rules of quantum mechanics.
Overall, the action of forces on an object, which might be an extended body or a collection of particles, emphasizes the result of such an action, which can manifest as changes in motion, internal energy, or other observable physical phenomena.