Final answer:
The correct answer is 'Prejudice' which refers to a biased perspective an individual holds against another based on group membership, often reinforced by confirmation bias and influenced by stereotypes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Negative experiences can lead individuals to perceive things or individuals in a biased way. The best answer from the choices provided is a. Prejudice. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group. This biased perception can arise from stereotypes that become overgeneralized and applied to all members of a group. For instance, someone might hold a prejudiced view that a certain ethnic group has negative traits, and such perspectives can lead to discrimination, which is negative action toward individuals based on group membership. Furthermore, individuals who have negative experiences may engage in confirmation bias, seeking out information that supports their biased views and ignoring contrary evidence. Through socialization, individuals absorb and perpetuate stereotypes and prejudiced attitudes, often influenced by in-groups favoritism and out-group derogation.