Final answer:
For those adhering to the nurture perspective, twins Mateo and Bruno are expected to develop personalities resembling their adoptive parents due to the strong influence of environmental factors on their upbringing.
Step-by-step explanation:
For people who believe in the nurture side of the nature vs. nurture debate, it is most likely that Mateo and Bruno, the twins who were adopted by two different families at birth, will develop personalities most like those of their adoptive parents. This perspective emphasizes the influence of environmental factors, including the parenting styles, values, and cultures of their adoptive families, over genetic predispositions.
According to studies such as those conducted by the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, even though genetics play a crucial role in the development of certain traits such as leadership and obedience, the environment also heavily influences the expression of these traits. So while the twins may have inherited genetic propensities, it is their unique experiences and upbringing in their adoptive homes that will have a more direct impact on the development of their personalities.
The sociological lens looks at other factors such as race, social class, gender, and religion as also playing significant roles in shaping one's behaviors and outlook. Therefore, based on the nurture viewpoint, Mateo and Bruno would be more similar to their adoptive parents in personality due to the profound impact of social environmental influences.