Final answer:
Neuropeptides synthesized in response to pain include endorphins and Substance P, which participate in pain processing and modulation in the brain and spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neuropeptides that are synthesized by the brain and spinal cord in response to pain include various types such as endorphins, which are powerful, naturally occurring painkillers found in the brain. Substance P (SP) is one of the neuropeptides involved in the transmission and modulation of pain. SP belongs to the tachykinin neuropeptide family and is a preferred endogenous ligand for the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1), where it functions as both a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator. It is related to behaviors such as depression, anxiety, stress, and also involved in motivation and reward mechanisms. Moreover, SP plays a critical role in pain processing pathways within the spinal cord.