Final answer:
English scholar Harriet Martineau authored 'Society in America' in 1837, analyzing key components of American society such as religion, politics, and immigration during a significant period of societal change.
Step-by-step explanation:
In "Society in America", originally published in 1837, English scholar Harriet Martineau examined religion, politics, child rearing, and immigration in the young nation. Martineau's analysis delved into various aspects of American society during a period of significant transformation and growth. She provided an outsider's perspective on the religious and social dynamics, the political landscape, the approach to child education, and the effects of immigration on American culture. The themes Martineau touched upon, such as public education and the contentious reactions to immigration, were reflective of wider societal changes and debates occurring in America at the time. This period saw a proliferation of educational reform, led by figures like Horace Mann, the advent of religious utopian societies, and a response to rapid economic and demographic shifts, including the backlash against new immigrants as highlighted by the American Protective Association.