Final answer:
Static analysis tools detect various defects in code, including programming standard violations, use of undefined variables, and security vulnerabilities. Hence, the correct answer is 'D. All Above'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to typical defects that can be uncovered through static analysis of code. Static analysis tools are used to examine source code before it is run, helping identify potential issues early on in the software development process.
The defects that can be detected by static analysis include A. Programming standard violations which pertain to the adherence to specific coding standards and conventions, B. Referring to a variable with an undefined value, which can lead to unpredictable behavior or crashes, and C.
Security vulnerabilities which refer to weaknesses in the code that could be exploited to compromise the software or data.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is D. All Above, as static analysis tools are designed to detect all these types of defects.