Final answer:
Equivalence partitioning is the technique used to achieve input and output coverage by dividing inputs into classes that elicit the same type of processing. It's usually paired with boundary value analysis for increased effectiveness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technique that can be used to achieve input and output coverage is known as equivalence partitioning. This technique involves dividing inputs into equivalent classes such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output. It is done to reduce the number of test cases to a manageable level, while still covering the maximum requirements.
Boundary value analysis is often used in conjunction with equivalence partitioning but specifically targets the edges of each equivalence partition. Decision table testing is useful when dealing with complex business rules and logic. State transition testing is used when software behavior is dependent on its history or state.
For a thorough testing methodology, testers often combine equivalence partitioning with other techniques, such as boundary value analysis, to enhance the test coverage and ensure a more robust testing process.