Final answer:
Peer reviews are called 'Technical Reviews' and are a critical part of the writing and publication process, where peers evaluate each other's work for technical accuracy, relevance, and quality. Option C is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Peer reviews are a fundamental process in various professional and academic fields, where work is evaluated by others with expertise in the subject at hand. In software development and project management, for example, the term encompasses several methods used to assess a product or project to improve its quality and ensure it meets required standards. These methods include Inspections, Walkthroughs, Technical Reviews, and Formal Reviews, and while they have different structures and degrees of formality, each plays a crucial role in the quality assurance process.
The answer to the student's question, “Peer Reviews are also called as,” involves looking into each of these methods to see which one aligns with the concept of peer review. An Inspection is a formal, rigorous process, often led by trained moderators and based on documented requirements. It involves a thorough examination of the product. A Walkthrough is less formal, led by the author of the work product and is a way for the team to gain understanding and solicit feedback. A Technical Review is also less formal and more focused on technical content and problem solving. Finally, a Formal Review, which includes peer reviews, is a structured process with specific roles for the participants and multiple steps, including planning, preparation, review meeting, rework, and follow-up.
Out of these options, Technical Review and Formal Review are most often associated with the term 'peer review,' especially in science and academia. However, when considering the answer that best represents what peer reviews are also widely known as, we lean towards Technical Review (Option C). This is because peer reviews, especially in academia, are used to critically evaluate a colleague's contributions for their technical merit and relevance.
Based on the definitions and the context in which these terms are often used, the correct option is C. Technical Review.