Final answer:
Process failure refers to a flaw in the design or execution of an experiment, whereas outcome failure is the failure to achieve the experiment's intended result, such as when subjects exhibit learned helplessness.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of the Human vs service agent experiment, process failure can be understood as a failure in the operational procedure of the experiment where the subject (for example, a person or an animal like a dog) does not respond to manipulative elements as expected due to a problem with the experiment's process design. On the other hand, outcome failure refers to the failure to achieve the intended result or outcome of the experiment, regardless of whether the process was carried out correctly. In Seligman’s experiments with dogs, process failure would be if the dogs were unable to learn how to escape shocks due to an experimental design flaw, whereas outcome failure would be if the dogs learned the escape method but still did not attempt to escape, potentially demonstrating learned helplessness, where subjects come to believe that they have no control over the situation and thus do not take action to escape or avoid negative situations.