Final answer:
An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component is defined as Change requests covering defect repair, which is one of the outputs of the Direct and Manage Project Work process in project management.
Step-by-step explanation:
The intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component is defined as Change requests covering defect repair. This output is associated with the Direct and Manage Project Work process in project management, specifically within the framework of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)®. When a product or component does not meet its requirements or specifications, a change request for defect repair is submitted to document the need for adjustments. Once approved, this change request results in the implementation of actions to bring the product or component into conformity.
Corrective actions are implemented to address a problem that has already occurred, whereas preventive actions are taken to prevent a potential problem from occurring. An implemented change request can include both defect repairs and corrective or preventive actions, depending on the situation and needs of the project.