Final answer:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a five-tier model of human needs ranging from basic physiological needs at the bottom to self-actualization at the top. Lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can influence behavior. Critics argue that the theory doesn't account for all aspects of human behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Explained
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational theory in psychology, comprising a five-tier model of human needs. These needs are often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are:
- Physiological needs - these include necessities for survival, such as food, water, warmth, and rest.
- Safety needs - these pertain to the desire for security, safety, and stability in one's environment.
- Belongingness and love needs - these include relationships, friends, and the need for interpersonal connections.
- Esteem needs - this level is about respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, and freedom.
- Self-actualization - the apex of the pyramid represents achieving one's full potential, including creative activities.
As per Maslow, one must satisfy lower-level needs before being able to focus on needs higher up in the pyramid. This concept has been expanded with cognitive, aesthetic needs, and for some interpretations, self-transcendence at the very top, representing the motivation to strive for a higher purpose beyond oneself.
However, Maslow's theory has been subject to critique for its lack of empirical support and inability to account for all aspects of human behavior. Despite this, Maslow's hierarchy continues to be a popular framework within psychology to understand human motivation and behavior.