Final answer:
A CPU utilizes a cooling refrigerant to transfer heat from the processor to a warmer environment using a cycle of compression and expansion, thus maintaining an optimal operating temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cooling refrigerant used in a CPU cooling system operates on principles similar to those in a household refrigerator or air conditioner. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the cold environment (in this case, the CPU) and transfers it to a warmer environment.
This is accomplished by compressing the refrigerant to raise its temperature, then allowing it to expand and cool, which causes it to absorb heat from the CPU. A cycle is created as the refrigerant is continuously compressed and expanded, moving heat away from the CPU to keep it cool.
The effectiveness of this process can be measured by the coefficient of performance (COP), which assesses the amount of heat transferred compared with the work input required.
Ultimately, the purpose of the cooling refrigerant is to maintain an optimal temperature for the CPU to function efficiently, avoiding overheating and potential damage to the computer's components.