Final answer:
The statement that states a fact is d. 'music students are required to memorize notes, scales, and different finger positions,' since it is a specific, verifiable requirement for music students.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine which of the excerpted statements from a passage states a fact, we must identify the one that can be proven true or false rather than an opinion or subjective claim.
In this case, the correct answer is d. "music students are required to memorize notes, scales, and different finger positions."
This statement is factual as it describes a specific and verifiable requirement for music students. The other statements express opinions or generalized assertions that cannot be proven true or false in the same way.