Final answer:
Temperature variations are a key factor causing a dynamic high near the surface, as differential heating of the Earth's surface leads to changes in atmospheric pressure. Jet streams, wind patterns, and geostrophic winds are related to these pressure systems but are not direct causes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dynamic high-pressure systems near the surface are associated with descending air masses that tend to clear the skies and bring fair weather. Conversely, a dynamic low-pressure system occurs when warmer air rises, leading to cloud formation and potential precipitation. The cause of a dynamic high near the surface could be due to various atmospheric conditions, but among the options provided, B. Temperature variations are a key factor because differential heating of the Earth's surface leads to changes in the atmospheric pressure. Temperature variations cause air to expand and rise in warmer regions, creating low-pressure areas, and to descend and compress in cooler regions, forming high-pressure areas.
Jet streams (Option A) can influence the position and intensity of high and low-pressure systems but are not the direct cause. Wind patterns (Option C) and geostrophic winds (Option D) are the results of pressure differences rather than causes. Therefore, temperature variations seem to play a significant role in the formation of these pressure systems, although they are not the only factor.