Final answer:
Behaviorism is a foundational theory in psychology, whereas applied behavior analysis is a practical extension of behaviorism. Experimental analysis of behavior focuses on theoretical research, differentiating it from applied work. Professional practice includes experimental methods, defying the assertion that it does not.
Step-by-step explanation:
To distinguish among behaviorism, the experimental analysis of behavior, applied behavior analysis, and professional practice guided by the science of behavior analysis, one must recognize the unique focus and methodology of each discipline within the field of psychology.
Behaviorism is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conducted by scientists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner, it fundamentally focuses on observable behaviors while minimizing the importance of internal mental states. However, behaviorism is not the same as applied behavior analysis (ABA), which disproves option A.
The experimental analysis of behavior is concerned with investigating basic principles of behavior through controlled experiments. This is a more theoretical approach as compared to ABA, which applies these principles to real-world situations in order to understand and influence behavior in social and practical contexts. This difference illustrates the truth in option B.
Professional practice guided by the science of behavior analysis may involve the application of ABA techniques in various professional settings, such as therapy for individuals with autism and organizational behavior management. Contrary to what is suggested in option C, this practice often incorporates experimental methods to tailor interventions to specific cases.
Given these details, it is clear that option D, which states that all the above are true, is not accurate. Therefore, only option B is correct.