Question

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system?

A) Multiple Sclerosis
B) Parkinson's Disease
C) Alzheimer's Disease
D) Epilepsy

Answer 1

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheaths in the central nervous system, leading to neurological symptoms and no known cure.

Step-by-step explanation:

The autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system is Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is characterized by the body's immune system attacking the myelin, which serves as insulation for nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This process leads to the formation of scar tissue or sclerosis and impairs signal transmission along the nerves, resulting in a wide range of neurological symptoms, including visual disturbances, muscle weakness, and difficulty with coordination and balance. Cytotoxic T-cells play a role in the autoimmune attack on myelin, causing inflammation and subsequent neuronal damage. Unfortunately, there is currently no known cure for MS, and the disease can cause both somatic and autonomic deficits.

Answer 2

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to a variety of symptoms including muscle weakness and coordination issues.

Thus option A) Multiple Sclerosis.is correct answer.

Step-by-step explanation:

The autoimmune disease responsible for the destruction of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system is Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is characterized by the body's immune cells, including T cells, attacking and inflaming the myelin, leading to its degradation.

This process not only damages the myelin sheaths but also creates scar tissue known as sclerosis, which disrupts the electrical signaling of neurons. As a result, patients with MS can experience a wide range of symptoms, from visual disturbances and muscle weakness to coordination challenges and cognitive deficits.

This disruption of neuronal signaling due to the loss of myelin is the core problem in MS, which can be manifested through either acute attacks or a gradual progression of symptoms.

Thus option A) Multiple Sclerosis.is correct answer.