Final answer:
The assertion that a boy must have used exactly 100 N of force to push a 300 N box up a ramp is false, as it fails to consider friction and the mechanical advantage. Early Methodists were indeed called so due to their methodical approach, which is true. The claim that many women could not handle wartime burdens is false, as historical evidence shows women capably taking on new roles during wars.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Forces and Work Done on an Incline
Item 45 asks whether it is true or false that a boy who pushed a box with a weight of 300 N up a ramp that was 1.0 m high and 3.0 m long must have exerted exactly 100 N of force. The statement is false. The true force exerted can be different due to factors such as friction and the mechanical advantage imparted by the inclined plane. If the situation is ideal (no friction), the mechanical work done to lift the weight vertically can be calculated as the product of the weight (300 N) and the height (1.0 m), giving 300 J (joules). However, the force exerted along the ramp also depends on the incline's angle, which changes the relation between the force applied and the work done. The work done on the ramp would be the force multiplied by the ramp length (3.0 m), but it does not directly equate to the force being one-third of 300 N.
Exercise 6.2.2 pertains to the history of Early Methodists. The statement that they were called Methodists because they were so methodical is true. They were known for their structured and methodical approach to worship and religious observance.
Exercise 8.3.2 addresses a historical perspective on women's roles during war. The statement suggesting that many women found themselves incapable of handling the burdens of war is false. In many instances, women have taken on significant roles during wartime, often stepping into jobs and responsibilities vacated by men and demonstrating considerable resilience and capability.