Final answer:
Deviance is when someone violates social norms, which can lead to social change and is subject to social sanctions that enforce conformity. Over time, societal views on what constitutes deviance can evolve.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Deviance and Social Control
Deviance refers to the violation of social norms, which can be minor like a fashion faux pas, or as severe as a criminal act. It is not inherently negative, as it can foster social change and innovation. For instance, behaviors that were once viewed as deviant, such as tattoos or vegan lifestyles, may become normalized over time.
Conformity is the adherence to social norms, while innovation may involve pursuing unconventional paths when legitimate ones are unavailable. Social sanctions, both formal and informal, play a crucial role in enforcing conformity by rewarding or punishing behaviors. Sanctions can be positive, like praise for socially acceptable actions, or negative, such as legal penalties or social ostracism for deviant behavior. Over time, what is considered deviant can change, reflecting a society's evolving values and norms.
Deviance and Control is a complex interplay between individual actions and societal expectations. It is important to recognize that deviance is often context-dependent and can be a powerful force in shaping social norms and values. Societies use various means to maintain order and encourage compliance with cultural expectations, which can include everything from casual approval to formal legal measures.