Final answer:
To marry Penelope, a man must string Odysseus' great bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads, a task that was meant to test both skill and strength, which Odysseus himself accomplished upon his return. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The goal a man must accomplish to marry Penelope is d) String Odysseus' great bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads.
This challenge is a test of skill and strength, and it is a pivotal moment in Homer's epic, the Odyssey.
The suitor who could achieve this feat would not only display the physical prowess comparable to that of the missing Odysseus but would also win the right to marry his wife, Penelope.
This task was ultimately accomplished by Odysseus himself, who had returned in disguise after his long absence. This moment represents a test of virtue and valour, aligning with the themes of heroism and the Homeric values of strength and skill that were highly regarded in Ancient Greek society.