Final answer:
Hering's theory suggests that binocular vision and spatial orientation are innate functions given to humans, rather than being learned over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that suggests that binocular vision and spatial orientation are innate functions given to humans, along with the anatomical and physiological organization of the visual system, is known as Hering's theory. According to this theory, our ability to perceive depth and direction is not learned but is an innate capability.
Binocular vision and spatial orientation are essential for our sense of depth perception and our ability to navigate through physical space. These functions are enabled by the anatomical and physiological organization of the visual system, including visual direction and local sign. This means that our ability to perceive depth and direction stems from our innate visual system rather than being learned over time.
For example, binocular cues, such as binocular disparity, rely on the use of both eyes to provide depth information. This ability is present in humans from birth and does not require conscious effort or learning to develop.