Final answer:
To determine the mass of C, H, and N in aniline, use the information given about the combustion of aniline. Subtract the masses of H2O and N2 from the initial mass of aniline to find the mass of carbon. Use the stoichiometric ratios in the balanced equation to calculate the masses of hydrogen and nitrogen.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the mass of C, H, and N in aniline, we can use the information given about the combustion of aniline. The balanced equation for the combustion of aniline is:
C6H5NH2 + 7 O2 → 6 CO2 + 5 H2O + 2 N2
From the combustion, we know that 13.62 grams of H2O and 2.92 grams of N2 are produced. To find the mass of carbon, we can subtract the masses of H2O and N2 from the initial mass of aniline:
Mass of C = (initial mass of aniline) - (mass of H2O) - (mass of N2)
Mass of C = 19.42 g - 13.62 g - 2.92 g = 2.88 g
To find the mass of hydrogen, we can use the equation to determine the stoichiometric ratio between aniline and H2O. Since each mole of aniline produces 5 moles of H2O, we can use the molar mass of H2O to calculate the mass of hydrogen:
Mass of H = (mass of H2O) × (molar mass of H2O / 5)
Mass of H = 13.62 g × (18.015 g/mol / 5) = 49.48 g
Finally, to find the mass of nitrogen, we can use the same stoichiometric ratio between aniline and N2. Since each mole of aniline produces 2 moles of N2, we can use the molar mass of N2 to calculate the mass of nitrogen:
Mass of N = (mass of N2) × (molar mass of N2 / 2)
Mass of N = 2.92 g × (28.014 g/mol / 2) = 40.86 g