Final answer:
Alexander Hamilton argued for the constitutionality of the national bank of the United States on the grounds that it would promote economic stability and was within the powers of Congress through the necessary and proper clause.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alexander Hamilton was a leading proponent of the national bank during the formation of the United States' early economic structure. Hamilton made two critical claims regarding why he believed the national bank of the United States would be constitutional. First, he argued that the establishment of the Bank of the United States was within Congress's authority because it would help foster economic development, which includes printing and circulating paper money and providing loans to the government. This action would promote economic stability. Secondly, as a Federalist, Hamilton supported a broad construction when interpreting the Constitution. He leveraged the necessary and proper clause to argue that such a bank was a legitimate function of the federal government, which inherently does not increase the power of individual states, reduce federal authority, or weaken the executive branch.