Final answer:
In the book Resistance, the Polish officer cut off Chaya's father's beard, which is an act of degradation given the cultural significance of beards.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the book Resistance, the Polish officer took a disrespectful and humiliating action against Chaya's father. This is a reflection of the harsh treatments and anti-Semitic behaviors prevalent during the period in which the book is set. The correct answer to the question of what the Polish officer did to Chaya's father's beard is (b) He cut it off. Cutting off Chaya's father's beard was a significant act because beards are often a symbol of wisdom and dignity, particularly in many Jewish communities. This act can be seen as an attempt to degrade and strip away part of his identity.