Final answer:
The Akiva always maintained all of the above Jewish rituals mentioned in the book 'Resistance': keeping Shabbat, following kashrut dietary laws, and saying the Shema.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the book, Resistance, the Jewish ritual that the Akiva always maintained is (d) All of the above. The Akiva were diligent in upholding various Jewish practices, including keeping Shabbat, adhering to a kashrut diet, and saying the Shema. These rituals were crucial in maintaining their Jewish identity, especially during times of exile and dispersion, when Judeans were removed from their homeland and scattered.
Historically, the development of a "mobile tradition" of Judaism during the Babylonian exile enabled Jews to carry their religion with them wherever they went. This adaptability was vital for Jewish survival, as it offered a sense of continuity and community despite the challenges of living under foreign rule or in the diaspora. The consistent practice of rituals rooted in the laws of Moses helped to cement Jewish identity and maintain a connection to their cultural and religious heritage.