Final answer:
In Roman theater, shorter sketches based on exaggerated physical actions rather than dialogue were known as mimes or pantomime, introduced by Pylades in 22 BCE.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Roman theater, shorter sketches that could be either serious or humorous, which relied on action and exaggerated movement rather than words and vocals, were known as mimes or pantomime. Pantomime was introduced to Rome by the Emperor Augustus' freedman Pylades in 22 BCE, and it quickly became a popular form of entertainment. Unlike Greek theater that often involved chorus and dealt with political issues, Roman mime was more focused on exaggerated gestures and physical comedy, showcasing scenarios that captivated the audience through visual spectacle instead of dialogue.