Final answer:
The process described is a Risk Assessment, which evaluates potential negative impacts on information systems and helps in formulating strategies to mitigate such risks. This is vital for preventing data breaches and protecting organizational and individuals' data security. Option A is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Assessment of Information System Impacts
The characterization of information or an information system based on an assessment of the potential impact due to a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability pertains to a Risk Assessment. A risk assessment evaluates the potential adverse effects on organizational operations, assets, or individuals and is integral to maintaining a robust information security framework. The scenario described reflects the identification and analysis of potential risks that could negatively impact information systems, posing threats to the integrity of stored data and the continuity of operations.
In the context of cybersecurity, risk assessments are proactive measures undertaken to protect sensitive data from illegal or unauthorized access, potentially leading to data breaches such as those experienced by well-known organizations like Target. The significance of these assessments is further emphasized considering the rising number of cybersecurity incidents impacting individuals, businesses, and governments. The main goal of a risk assessment in this sphere is to pinpoint vulnerabilities and threats, evaluate the likelihood and consequences of potential security breaches, and determine the most effective strategies and controls to mitigate these risks.
In conclusion, when considering the potential impacts of compromised data on an organization's operations or individuals' privacy, it's clear that conducting regular risk assessments is essential for maintaining security and trust. The correct option that defines this process is A) Risk Assessment.