Final Answer:
Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey were prominent African American leaders in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Washington advocated for vocational and industrial education for African Americans, focusing on self-help and economic advancement. DuBois, on the other hand, emphasized higher education and political activism, pushing for civil rights and social equality. Marcus Garvey, a proponent of Black nationalism, called for the economic empowerment and repatriation of African Americans to Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
Booker T. Washington, born into slavery, became a leading advocate for African American education and economic self-sufficiency. He believed that the key to racial progress was through vocational and industrial education. Washington's philosophy, often referred to as the "Atlanta Compromise," encouraged African Americans to focus on economic self-improvement and avoid direct confrontation with white supremacy.
W.E.B. DuBois, in contrast, was a scholar and activist who believed in the importance of higher education for African Americans. He co-founded the Niagara Movement, which later contributed to the establishment of the NAACP. DuBois advocated for political and civil rights, arguing that a "Talented Tenth" of the African American population should receive higher education to lead the struggle for civil rights.
Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-born leader, founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and promoted Black nationalism. Garvey called for economic independence, self-reliance, and a return to Africa (the Back-to-Africa movement) as a means of establishing a united and self-sufficient African diaspora.
In summary, while Washington focused on vocational education, DuBois emphasized higher education and civil rights activism, and Garvey promoted Black nationalism and the economic empowerment of African Americans. Their diverse approaches reflect the complexity of the African American struggle for equality during this transformative period in American history.