Final answer:
The idea of physical properties in Part 1 was established by defining and measuring properties that describe matter either as physical or chemical, and categorizing them as extensive or intensive. Extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter, while intensive properties do not. These ideas form a fundamental part of understanding chemical structures and predicting new materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The idea of physical properties was developed throughout Part 1 of the investigation by distinguishing between different categories of properties and changes that matter can exhibit. Chemists use physical properties, which are characteristics that describe matter without changing its composition, such as size, shape, color, and mass. In contrast, chemical properties involve the capacity of a substance to change its chemical structure or composition; for example, flammability is a chemical property because it describes a material's ability to burn, which alters its composition.
As part of our investigation, we explore how physical properties can be categorized as either extensive or intensive. Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter being measured, whereas intensive properties, like density, are independent of the amount of matter.
The development of these concepts is rooted in historical measurements and observations of matter's macroscopic characteristics, which helped early scientists suggest theories about matter's chemical structure. Over time, the growing need for precise measurements led to the introduction of standardized units, such as the mole, enhancing our ability to comprehend matter at the microscopic level and predict the properties of new materials.