Final answer:
Covert attention refers to the ability to focus on stimuli in the periphery without moving one's eyes towards it. This processes is a cognitive function that enables awareness and perception beyond focal gaze.
Step-by-step explanation:
Covert attention occurs without c. eye movement. Covert attention is the ability to pay attention to something in our peripheral sensory field without actually looking at it directly or moving our eyes toward it. This psychological process allows individuals to be aware of stimuli and potentially process certain aspects of those stimuli without the overt act of directing their gaze.
Integrating this concept with related cognitive processes further emphasizes that attention is shaped by hormones, sensory information, and cognitive processing. Factors such as emotions, physiological states, and cognitive priorities can influence where our attention is directed at any given moment—all without necessarily activating muscles responsible for eye movements.