Final answer:
The major Igs involved in neutralization are IgG, IgM, and IgA, with IgG being the most abundant and IgM and IgA playing specialized roles in the immune response. IgE and IgD are considered minor Igs, with different functions such as mediating allergies and aiding in B cell maturation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major immunoglobulins (Igs) involved in the process of neutralization are IgG, IgM, and IgA. Neutralization is a critical antibody function where antibodies bind to pathogens or toxins, preventing their attachment to host cells and thus averting infection or toxicity. Among them, IgG is the predominant antibody in serum, accounting for about 80% of all antibodies. IgM, which can be a pentamer allowing it to bind ten identical antigens, is primarily involved early in the adaptive immune response. Secretory IgA, which can be found in a dimeric form in mucous secretions, plays a crucial role in preventing pathogens from entering the body by binding to them at mucosal surfaces.
The minor Igs, IgE and IgD, are present in small quantities. IgE is best known for its role in allergic reactions, while IgD is mostly found on the surface of naïve B cells and is involved in antigen recognition and B cell maturation. Although they are present in smaller amounts and less directly involved in neutralization, they contribute to the immune system's overall function.