Final answer:
The bicarbonate buffer system maintains our physiological pH by utilizing carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and carbon dioxide (CO2). It removes excess hydrogen ions and moderates pH changes, preventing a dangerous increase or decrease in blood pH. Without this buffer system, the body's pH would fluctuate and survival would be at risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bicarbonate buffer system is responsible for maintaining our physiological pH. It involves carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and carbon dioxide (CO2). When excess hydrogen ions (H+) are present, they combine with bicarbonate ions to form carbonic acid, which helps remove the excess H+ and prevent a decrease in pH. Similarly, if too much hydroxide ions (OH-) enter the system, carbonic acid combines with them to create bicarbonate, helping to lower the pH. This buffer system plays a crucial role in maintaining the narrow pH range required for survival.