Final answer:
The fluctuations in the ratio of [HA] / [A-] affect the effectiveness of a buffer solution. A buffer is most effective when the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base are equal, resulting in a pH close to the pKa value of the weak acid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fluctuations in the ratio of [HA] / [A-] have an effect on the effectiveness of a buffer solution.
A buffer solution is composed of a weak acid (HA) and its conjugate weak base (A-). The ratio of these two components determines the pH of the buffer solution.
A buffer is most effective when the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base are equal, resulting in a pH close to the pKa value of the weak acid. Any fluctuations in this ratio will result in a change in the pH of the buffer solution, making it less effective.